# Find out if it is important to account for variation in "random effects" # by comparing the residuals of a linear model without the random effects with # the potential random effects lm.test<-lm(Z_TP~Z_Length, data=data) lm.test.resid<-rstandard(lm.test) # Species Effect plot(lm.test.resid~ data$Fish_Species, xlab = "Species", ylab="Standardized residuals") abline(0,0, lty=2) # Lake Effect plot(lm.test.resid~ data$Lake, xlab = "Lake", ylab="Standardized residuals") abline(0,0, lty=2)